| Statutory Instruments 1999 No. 646 The Animal By-Products Order 1999 - continued |
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7.
Unrendered animal by-products shall be unloaded in the reception area and either -
(b) stored in the reception area and rendered without undue delay.
8.
If carcases are de-skinned or de-haired, there shall be adequate facilities in the unclean area for doing this, and there shall be a storage room for hides.
(b) recording devices to record continuously the results of measurements; and (c) an adequate safety system to prevent insufficient heating.
(2) In the case of premises rendering non-mammalian animal by-products for the production of swill for feeding to pigs or poultry, the premises shall be equipped with a suitable cooker with measuring equipment to check that the animal by-products are rendered to the required temperature. Mammalian animal by-products 1. - (1) An operator shall render mammalian animal by-products in accordance with either -
(b) any of the other methods in Part II of this Schedule if, after rendering, the resulting proteinaceous material is disposed of by burial, incineration, or a similar method which ensures that it will not enter any food or feed chain and will not be used as fertiliser.
(2) This paragraph shall not apply in relation to the rendering of the following mammalian material -
(b) hides, skins, hooves, horns or hair; (c) blood or blood products; (d) milk or milk products; or (e) glands, tissues or organs for pharmaceutical use.
High risk material
(b) any of the other methods in Part II of this Schedule (either in accordance with the parameters for the selected method set out in the Schedule or in accordance with different parameters set out in the approval) provided that the rendered material complies with the microbiological standards in article 3(2).
Low-risk material
(b) a method and parameters specified in the approval which ensure that the rendered material complies with the microbiological standards in article 3(2).
Part-rendering Reduction 1. If the particle size of the animal by-products to be rendered is more than 50 millimetres, the animal by-products shall be reduced in size using equipment specified in the approval, set so that the particle size after reduction is no greater than 50 millimetres or such smaller size as the approval shall specify. The effectiveness of the equipment shall be checked daily and its condition recorded. If checks disclose the existence of particles larger than is permitted in the approval, the process shall be stopped and repairs made before the process is resumed. Time, temperature and pressure 2. After reduction the animal by-products shall be heated to a core temperature of more than 133°C for at least 20 minutes without interruption at a pressure of at least 3 bar. 3. The rendering may be carried out in batch or continuous systems. Reduction 1. If the particle size of the animal by-products to be rendered is more than 150 millimetres, the animal by-products shall be reduced in size using equipment specified in the approval, set so that the particle size after reduction is no greater than 150 millimetres or such smaller size as the approval shall specify. The effectiveness of the equipment shall be checked daily and its condition recorded. If checks disclose the existence of particles larger than is permitted in the approval, the process shall be stopped and repairs made before the process is resumed. Time and temperature 2. After reduction the animal by-products shall be heated to a core temperature greater than 100°C for at least 125 minutes, a core temperature greater than 110°C for at least 120 minutes and a core temperature greater than 120°C for at least 50 minutes. 3. The rendering shall be carried out in a batch system. 4. The animal by-products may be cooked such that the time-temperature requirements are achieved at the same time. Reduction 1. If the particle size of the animal by-products to be rendered is more than 30 millimetres, the animal by-products shall be reduced in size using equipment specified in the approval, set so that the particle size after reduction is no greater than 30 millimetres or such smaller size as the approval shall specify. The effectiveness of the equipment shall be checked daily and its condition recorded. If checks disclose the existence of particles larger than is permitted in the approval, the process shall be stopped and repairs made before the process is resumed. Time and temperature 2. After reduction, the animal by-products shall be heated to a core temperature greater than 100°C for at least 95 minutes, a core temperature greater than 110°C for at least 55 minutes and a core temperature greater than 120°C for at least 13 minutes. 3. The rendering may be carried out in batch or continuous systems. 4. The animal by-products may be cooked such that the time-temperature requirements are achieved at the same time. Reduction 1. If the particle size of the animal by-products to be rendered is more than 30 millimetres, the animal by-products shall be reduced in size using equipment specified in the approval, set so that the particle size after reduction is no greater than 30 millimetres or such smaller size as the approval shall specify. The effectiveness of the equipment shall be checked daily and its condition recorded. If checks disclose the existence of particles larger than is permitted in the approval, the process shall be stopped and repairs made before the process is resumed. Time and temperature 2. After reduction the animal by-products shall be placed in a vessel with added fat and heated to a core temperature greater than 100°C for at least 16 minutes, a core temperature greater than 110°C for at least 13 minutes, a core temperature greater than 120°C for at least 8 minutes and a core temperature greater than 130°C for at least 3 minutes. 3. The rendering may be carried out in batch or continuous systems. 4. The animal by-products may be cooked such that the time-temperature requirements are achieved at the same time. Reduction 1. If the particle size of the animal by-products to be rendered is more than 20 millimetres, the animal by-products shall be reduced in size using equipment specified in the approval, set so that the particle size after reduction is no greater than 20 millimetres or such smaller size as the approval shall specify. The effectiveness of the equipment shall be checked daily and its condition recorded. If checks disclose the existence of particles larger than is permitted in the approval, the process shall be stopped and repairs made before the process is resumed. Time and temperature 2. After reduction the animal by-products shall be heated until they coagulate and then pressed so that fat and water are removed from the proteinaceous material. The proteinaceous material shall then be heated to a core temperature greater than 80°C for at least 120 minutes and a core temperature greater than 100°C for at least 60 minutes. 3. The rendering may be carried out in batch or continuous systems. 4. The animal by-products may be cooked such that the time-temperature requirements are achieved at the same time. 1. The animal by-products shall be reduced to a size specified in the approval. They shall then be mixed with formic acid to reduce the pH to a level specified in the approval. They shall then be stored for a period specified in the approval. 2. They shall then be heated to a temperature specified in the approval for a time specified in the approval. 3. After heat treatment, the product shall be separated into liquid, fat and greaves by mechanical means. In order to obtain an animal protein concentrate, the liquid shall be pumped into two heat exchangers which are steam heated and equipped with vacuum chambers in order for its moisture to be removed in the form of water vapour. The greaves shall then be added to the protein concentrate. METHOD 1 1. In accordance with the following table, samples of approximately equal size shall be extracted evenly from the whole of the rendered material. These samples shall then be divided into groups of approximately equal numbers, the number of groups being the number of aggregate samples specified in the table. The samples in each group shall then be mixed together to form aggregate samples.
2. Each aggregate sample shall be placed into a separate sterile receptacle and each shall be thoroughly mixed by stirring or shaking. 3. Approximately equal amounts shall be taken from each aggregate sample and mixed so as to provide a single final sample of approximately 500 grams. This final sample shall be transferred into a suitable sterile screw top container which shall then be sealed and marked to indicate its identity. METHOD 2 1. In accordance with the following table, samples of approximately equal size shall be extracted evenly from the whole of the rendered material. These samples shall then be divided into groups of approximately equal numbers, the number of groups being the number of aggregate samples specified in the table. The samples in each group shall then be mixed together to form aggregate samples.
For the purpose of this method "consignment" means the total quantity of rendered material loaded onto a single vehicle or trailer. 2. Each aggregate sample shall be placed into a separate sterile receptacle and each shall be thoroughly mixed by stirring or shaking. 3. Approximately equal amounts shall be taken from each aggregate sample and mixed so as to provide a single final sample of approximately 500 grams. This final sample shall be transferred into a suitable sterile screw top container which shall then be sealed and marked to indicate its identity. Time of testing 1. Tests shall be begun on receipt of the sample or on the first working day which allows this method to be completed. If the test is not begun on the day of receipt the sample shall be stored in a refrigerator at between 2°C and 8°C until required. If the sample has been refrigerated it shall be removed from the refrigerator and stored at room temperature for at least one hour before the test is started. Samples 2. Tests shall be carried out using two 10 gram portions of each sample submitted for testing. Each 10 gram sample shall be placed aseptically in a jar containing 90 ml Clostridium perfringensdiluent consisting of 0.1% peptone and 0.8% sodium chloride at a pH of 7 and mixed thoroughly until the sample is evenly suspended. Inoculations 3. For each portion of the sample 1 ml of solution shall be transferred to a sterile 90 mm petri dish (in duplicate), to which 15 ml of Shahidi - Ferguson agar (SF agar)[17] at a temperature of 49°C±1°C shall be added and immediately gently mixed by swirling the dish with 5 clockwise and 5 anticlockwise circular movements. 4. Once the agar has set, each agar plate shall be overlaid with a further 10 ml SF agar at a temperature of 49°C±1°C. Once the overlay has set and with the plate lids uppermost the plates shall be incubated anaerobically at 37°C±1°C for 20 hours±2 hours. Samples with colonies of Clostridium perfringens 5. After incubation each set of duplicate plates shall be examined for colonies characteristic of Clostridium perfringens(black). The sample provisionally fails if any colonies characteristic of Clostridium perfringensare present, in which case the following procedure shall be followed to establish whether or not the colonies are Clostridium perfringens. 6. In the case of each plate, 10 characteristic colonies of Clostridium perfrin gensshall be subcultured on to a further SF agar plate. If there are less than 10 colonies on the plate, all characteristic colonies shall be subcultured on to the further plate. The plates shall be incubated anaerobically at 37°C±1°C for 20 hours±2 hours. 7. If the surface area of the plates is overgrown and it is not possible to select well isolated characteristic colonies, 10 suspect colonies shall be subcultured on to duplicate SF agar plates and incubated anaerobically at 37°C±1°C for 20 hours±2 hours. 8. One characteristic colony from each plate shall be subcultured on to SF agar and incubated anaerobically at 37°C±1°C for 20 hours±2 hours. Subcultured colonies 9. After incubation each plate shall be examined for colonies characteristic of Clostridium perfringens. All colonies characteristic of Clostridium perfrin gensshall be -
(b) inoculated into either lactose gelatin medium[19] or charcoal gelatin discs[20];
and incubated anaerobically at 37°C±1°C for 20 hours±2 hours.
(b) Escherichia coliNCTC 10418[21] or equivalent not more than seven days old at the time of use; and (c) rendered animal protein which is free of Clostridium perfringens.
17.
10 gram portions of the rendered animal protein shall be placed aseptically in each of two jars containing 90 ml Buffered Peprone Water (BPW)[22] and mixed thoroughly until the samples are evenly suspended. 1. Tests shall be begun on receipt of the sample or on the first working day which allows this method to be completed. If the test is not begun on the day of receipt the sample shall be stored in a refrigerator until required. If the sample has been refrigerated it shall be removed from the refrigerator and stored at room temperature for at least four hours before the test is started. Day 1 2. Tests shall be carried out in duplicate using two 25 gram portions of each sample submitted for testing. Each 25 gram sample shall be placed aseptically in a jar containing 225 ml Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) and incubated at 37°C for 18 hours. Day 2 3. 0.1 ml from the jar of incubated BPW shall be inoculated into 10 ml Rappaports Vassiliadis broth (RV broth)[23] and incubated at 41.5°C±0.5°C for 24 hours. Day 3 4. The RV broth shall be plated out on to two 90 millimetre plates of Brilliant Green Agar (BGA)[24] or on to one 90 millimetre plate of BGA and one 90 millimetre plate of Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar (XLD)[25] using a 2.5 mm diameter loop. The plates shall be inoculated with a droplet taken from the edge of the surface of the fluid by drawing the loop over the whole of one plate in a zig zag pattern and continuing to the second plate without recharging the loop. The space between the loop streaks shall be 0.5 cm - 1.0 cm. The plates shall be incubated at 37°C overnight. Notes: [17] Shahidi-Ferguson agar - See Shahidi, S. A. and Ferguson, A. R. (1971) Applied Microbiology 21:500 - 506. American Society for Microbiology, 1913 1 St N.W., Washington DC 20006, USA.back [18] Motility nitrate medium - See Hauschild AHW, Gilbert RJ, Harmon SM, O'Keefe MF, Vahlefeld R, (1997) ICMSF Methods Study VIII, Canadian Journal of Microbiology 23, 884 - 892. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa ON K1A 0R6, Canada.back [19] Lactose gelatin medium - See Hauschild AHW, Gilbert RJ, Harmon SM, O'Keefe MF, Vahlefeld R, (1997) ICMSF Methods Study VIII, Canadian Journal of Microbiology 23, 884 - 892.back [20] Charcoal gelatin discs - See Mackie and McCartnay, (1996) Practical Medical Microbiology 14, 509. Churchill Livingstone, Robert Stevenson House, 1 - 3 Baxter's Place, Leith Walk, Edinburgh EH1 3AF.back [21] The National Collection of Type Cultures, Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Ave, London NW9 5HT.back [22] Buffered Peptone Water - See Edel, W. and Kampelmacher, E. H. (1973) Bulletin of World Health Organisation, 48: 167 - 174, World Health Organisation Distribution and Sales, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland (ISSN 0042 - 9686).back [23] Rappaports Vassiliadis Broth - See Vassiliadis, P., Pateraki, E., Papaiconomou, N., Papadakis, J. A., and Trichopoulos, D. (1976) Annales de Microbiologie (Institut Pasteur) 127B: 195 - 200. Elsevier, 23 rue Linois, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France.back [24] Brilliant Green Agar - See Edel, W. and Kampelmacher, E. H. (1969) Bulletin of World Health Organisation, 41:297 - 306, World Health Organisation Distribution and Sales, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland (ISSN 0042 - 9686).back [25] Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar - See Taylor, W. I. (1965) American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 44:471 - 475, Lippincott and Raven, 227 E. Washington Street, Philadelphia PA19106, USA.back
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20 × weight of sampled portion in tonnes
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